web development and system administration of Linux
The command below will tell git you want to start ignoring the changes to the file:
# git update-index --assume-unchanged path/to/file
When you want to start keeping track again:
# git update-index --no-assume-unchanged path/to/file
If you can`t start built-in web server in Yii2 Framework on Windows with error message like Document root “…\console/web” does not exist. in advanced application template you should use the following commands:
1. For backend admin application:
yii.bat serve/index --docroot="backend/web/"
2. For frontend application:
yii.bat serve/index --docroot="frontend/web/"
For basic application template use command:
yii.bat serve/index --docroot="web/"
On Linux or MacOS use ./yii instead of yii.bat
To check all PHP files syntax in current folders including subfolders you can use command like:
# find . -type f -name "*.php" -exec php -l {} \; | grep -v 'No syntax errors'
If you want to check few files syntax you can add them to some file e.g. /tmp/check-php-files-syntax.list and then run command below:
# for file in `cat /tmp/check-php-files-syntax.list`; php -l ${file}; done
As you may know Git has wonderful feature create archive of files in repository.
For example, you can create Bash script to automate making of Git archives:
#!/bin/bash
GIT_DIR="/home/taras/git_working_copy_dir/"
ZIP_NAME="_git_archives/taras-`date +'%Y%m%d%H%M'`.zip"
cd ${GIT_DIR}
pwd
# make zip archive from current git HEAD branch
git archive HEAD --format=zip -o ${ZIP_NAME}
# delete some files from zip archive
zip -d ${ZIP_NAME} ./.gitignore
#
echo "Archive file ${ZIP_NAME} is:"
ls -alh ${ZIP_NAME}
#
echo "Archive content:"
unzip -l ${ZIP_NAME} |more
Also, you can use tar format instead of zip and then to gzip it.
# git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.0/ v1.0 | gzip >git-1.0.tar.gz
v1.0 – is tag name of release to archive
–prefix=git-1.0/ – adds folder git-1.0/ inside archive
–format=tar – use tar format
To display changes between two commits you need to know SHA sum of commit.
You can take it from
# git log
command output.
Example command output:
commit 5b75d2ecf30b2ee9b28ca1febf60fb96b4d8625c
Merge: 78ac4ff4 ccb47ced
Author: Author Name <autor.name@email.com>
Date: Mon Feb 13 22:27:55 2017 +0000
Commit description goes here...
commit 4b6197f19f8c196e246d6277059f1d784e635a67
Author: Author Name <autor.name@email.com>
Date: Mon Feb 13 20:34:38 2017 +0600
Another commit description goes here...
Then you can run command:
# git diff --name-only 4b6197f19f8c196e246d6277059f1d784e635a67 5b75d2ecf30b2ee9b28ca1febf60fb96b4d8625c
it will show you list of changed files.
Alternatively, you can also use command:
# git diff --name-only HEAD~7 HEAD~14
to see the difference between seventh and fourteenth latest commits.
To set up virtual host password protection in Nginx you can follow such steps:
1. Created .htpassword file outside web server foot folder using commands below:
# echo -n 'user:' >> /var/www/taras/data/.htpasswd # openssl passwd -apr1 >> /var/www/taras/data/.htpasswd
Second command will ask you for a password.
2. Add the following lines to Nginx configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
auth_basic "Restricted Content"; auth_basic_user_file /var/www/taras/data/.htpasswd;
into virtual host definition section.
To fix error below:
PHP Warning: Unknown: Unable to allocate memory for pool. in Unknown on line 0
You should increase APC opcode cache parameter apc.shm_size, which is set to 32M by default and restart web server Apache module if PHP is set to wokr like web server module.
One more thing, you can switch off APC module for some domain or virtual host you can add the following lines to your .htaccess configuration file:
<IfModule mod_php5.c> php_flag apc.cache_by_default off </IfModule>
WordPress CMS has a lot of useful features e.g. shortcodes, custom fields.
Look at the code example below:
function my_slider( $atts ) {
global $post;
extract( shortcode_atts( array( 'slide_category' => 0 ), $atts, 'slide_category' ) );
/*
...
*/
$args = array(
'post_type' => 'slide',
'showposts' => -1,
'meta_query' => array(
array(
'key' => 'slide_category',
'value' => $slide_category,
)
)
);
$qry = new WP_Query($args);
/*
...
*/
}
/*
...
*/
add_shortcode('mySlider', 'my_slider');
In example above it allows to output slides of exact category on page.
Possible slider shortcode usage can be:
[mySlider slide_category="1"]
Where mySlider is shortcode, slide_category is shortocode attribute which allows us to display flides of particular category.
To set slide_category – custom field should be added to each slide with slide category id.
If you have shell access to your hosting account and your web server is running WordPress websites under Linux you should check amazing command line utility wp-cli.
Some usage examples:
1. Upgrade WordPress CMS core:
# wp core update
2. List installed themes:
# wp theme list
Example output
$ wp theme list +----------------+----------+--------+---------+ | name | status | update | version | +----------------+----------+--------+---------+ | twentyfifteen | inactive | none | 1.7 | | twentyfourteen | inactive | none | 1.9 | | twentysixteen | active | none | 1.3 | +----------------+----------+--------+---------+ $
3. Update themes example (in case if update is available):
# wp theme update twentyfifteen twentysixteen
4. List installed plugins:
# wp plugin list
Example output:
$ wp plugin list +--------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+ | name | status | update | version | +--------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+ | akismet | inactive | none | 3.2 | | adsense-plugin | inactive | none | 1.42 | | google-analyticator | inactive | none | 6.5.0.0 | | google-analytics-for-wordpress | active | none | 5.5.4 | | google-analytics-dashboard | inactive | none | 2.1.1 | | google-captcha | active | none | 1.27 | | google-sitemap-generator | inactive | none | 4.0.8 | | hello | inactive | none | 1.6 | | limit-login-attempts | active | none | 1.7.1 | | socialize | active | none | 2.3 | +--------------------------------+----------+--------+---------+ $
5. Update plugins (if update is available) example command:
# wp plugin update akismet limit-login-attempts
To setup SSL encryption in ProFTPd you can follow such instructions:
1. Generate self-signed SSL certificate & private key.
# mkdir -pv /etc/proftpd/ssl/ # cd /etc/proftpd/ssl/ # openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/proftpd/ssl/proftpd.cert.pem -keyout /etc/proftpd/ssl/proftpd.key.pem
You should fill form below:
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .............................+++ ................................+++ writing new private key to '/etc/proftpd/ssl/proftpd.key.pem' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:UA State or Province Name (full name) []:Kyivska Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Kyiv Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Shkodenko V. Taras Ltd Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:shkodenko.com Email Address []:taras@shkodenko.com
2. Create mod_tls SSL configuration file /etc/proftpd/tls.conf :
<IfModule mod_tls.c> TLSEngine on TLSLog /var/log/proftpd/tls.log TLSCipherSuite AES128+EECDH:AES128+EDH TLSOptions NoCertRequest AllowClientRenegotiations TLSRSACertificateFile /etc/proftpd/ssl/proftpd.cert.pem TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /etc/proftpd/ssl/proftpd.key.pem TLSVerifyClient off TLSRequired on RequireValidShell no </IfModule>
3. Include mod_tls SSL configuration file /etc/proftpd/tls.conf into main “/etc/proftpd.conf” using Include :
# ... </Global> # Define the log formats LogFormat default "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" LogFormat auth "%v [%P] %h %t \"%r\" %s" # TLS Include /etc/proftpd/tls.conf # Explained at http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/modules/mod_tls.html # ...
4. Check ProFTPd configration using command:
# proftpd -td10
5. If there is no errors on step 4: restart ProFTPd service using:
# /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
